Levels of Study

Late Ottoman Turkish

Concentrates on developing the ability to read, transcribe, and translate printed Ottoman texts from the 19th and 20th centuries.

Early Ottoman Turkish

Focuses on manuscripts from the 14th to the 18th centuries. By studying a selection of fermans and sections from mühimme and tahrir defters, chronicles, and biographical works, students are introduced to different grammatical structures and styles in Ottoman Turkish and to various manuscript hands.